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Related Concept Videos

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the appropriate...
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal assumptions,...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview01:27

Pharmacodynamic Models: Overview

Pharmacodynamic (PD) responses describe the interaction between a drug and its biological target, culminating in a physiological effect. These responses can be classified into different types: continuous variables, such as blood glucose levels; categorical outcomes, like survival rates; and time-to-event metrics, such as disease progression. Understanding and modeling PD responses are critical for optimizing drug efficacy and safety.PD models describe the relationship between drug concentration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Published on: May 20, 2016

Understanding Business Models in Pharmacy Schools.

David A Holdford1

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, Virginia.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This article defines business models and contrasts those used in pharmacy schools. It also explores potential issues stemming from misunderstandings about pharmacy school services and beneficiaries.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy education
  • Higher education administration
  • Business strategy

Background:

  • Pharmacy schools operate with distinct business models that influence their educational and research missions.
  • Understanding these models is crucial for navigating the complex landscape of academic pharmacy.
  • Previous analyses have not sufficiently contrasted the specific business models employed by pharmacy schools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the concept of business models in an academic context.
  • To compare and contrast the prevalent business models within pharmacy education.
  • To identify and discuss challenges arising from misinterpretations of pharmacy schools' service scope and delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of business model frameworks.
Keywords:
business modeleducationgraduatepharmacyresearch

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  • Comparative review of operational and financial structures in pharmacy schools.
  • Qualitative discussion of stakeholder interactions and service provision.
  • Main Results:

    • Pharmacy school business models vary significantly, impacting resource allocation and strategic direction.
    • Common models include those focused on tuition, research grants, clinical services, and philanthropy.
    • Misunderstandings regarding target audiences (students, practitioners, public) and service offerings (education, research, patient care) can create operational friction.

    Conclusions:

    • A clear understanding of pharmacy school business models is essential for effective strategic planning and stakeholder alignment.
    • Addressing misconceptions about service provision and beneficiaries can mitigate operational challenges and enhance institutional effectiveness.
    • Further research into the financial sustainability and impact of different business models in pharmacy education is warranted.