Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Obstructive sleep apnea and hormones - a novel insight
Marek Ruchała1, Barbara Bromińska1, Ewa Cyrańska-Chyrek1
1Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Abstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper respiratory tract during sleep, occurs in about 4% of middle-aged men and 2% of women. The incidence of the disorder is rising due to an increase in obesity and ageing of the population. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at elevated risk of some endocrinal and metabolic disorders, which may lead to serious consequences including shortening of life expectancy. The recognition and understanding of interactions between local upper airway dysfunction and its endocrinal consequences is therefore vital. In this review we will focus on the influence of OSA on bone metabolism and endocrine homeostasis.
Related Concept Videos
Sleep Apnea
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Major Hormones and Their Functions
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Humoral...
Target Cell Response to Hormones
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Understanding Sleep
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...

