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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Manufacturing Abdominal Aorta Hydrogel Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms for Ultrasound Elastography Validation
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Is Aortic Aneurysm Preventable?

Undurti N Das1

  • 1UND Life Sciences, 2221, NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA.

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may stem from a local deficiency in anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, like lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and their precursors. Enhancing LXA4 formation could offer a new therapeutic strategy for AAA.

Keywords:
aortic aneurysmarachidonic aciddocosahexaenoic acideicosapentaenoic acidlipoxinmaresinprotectinresolvin

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Inflammation Research
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory condition.
  • Macrophage accumulation, oxidative stress, and aortic wall damage contribute to AAA pathogenesis.
  • Pro-inflammatory eicosanoids are implicated in AAA development, potentially due to a deficiency in anti-inflammatory counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that AAA is caused by a local deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their anti-inflammatory metabolites, particularly lipoxin A4 (LXA4).
  • To explore the role of PUFA precursors (arachidonic acid, EPA, DHA) and their metabolic pathways in AAA.
  • To propose novel therapeutic strategies targeting eicosanoid pathways for AAA prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on AAA pathogenesis, eicosanoid metabolism, and the role of PUFAs.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms involving local deficiencies in PUFAs and lipoxygenases/cyclooxygenases in abdominal aortic tissue.
  • Examination of experimental evidence from animal models of AAA.

Main Results:

  • A proposed imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids underlies AAA.
  • Reduced tissue concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may lead to decreased formation of LXA4, resolvins, protectins, and maresins.
  • Defective activity of lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in abdominal aortic cells could impair anti-inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • AAA pathogenesis may involve a local deficiency in AA, EPA, DHA, and their anti-inflammatory metabolites, especially LXA4.
  • Enhancing the formation of LXA4 and other anti-inflammatory eicosanoids presents a potential new therapeutic avenue for AAA.
  • Targeting eicosanoid pathways could offer a novel approach to prevent and manage abdominal aortic aneurysms.