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Variations of cocoon external lipids during wolf spiderlings' development.

F Ruhland1, S Schulz2, Marie Trabalon3

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Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study details the silk lipids of wolf spider (Pardosa saltans) cocoons, revealing changes during juvenile development. These lipid alterations may signal mothers, influencing their care behavior.

Keywords:
LycosidMaternal behaviourPardosa saltansSilk lipidsTactochemical communication

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Chemical Ecology
  • Arachnology

Background:

  • Wolf spiders exhibit complex maternal care, guarding cocoons for extended periods.
  • Cocoon silk must emit cues to ensure proper care and juvenile development.
  • Understanding silk composition is crucial for deciphering spider maternal communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the silk lipids of wolf spider (Pardosa saltans) cocoons.
  • To investigate qualitative and quantitative changes in cocoon silk lipids during juvenile development.
  • To explore the potential role of these lipids in mother-cocoon communication.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for lipid analysis.
  • Cocoon silk samples were analyzed across different stages of wolf spider juvenile development.
  • Lipid compounds were identified and quantified.

Main Results:

  • 62 different lipid compounds were identified in P. saltans cocoon silk.
  • Lipids included aliphatic alcohols, glycerides, fatty acids, and their methyl esters (C13-C29).
  • Ethanolamides and phytosterols were detected for the first time on cocoon silk.
  • Significant qualitative and quantitative changes in lipids occurred during embryonic and post-embryonic development.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in cocoon silk lipids, including the emergence of hydrocarbons and disappearance of diglycerides and ethanolamides, suggest a role in tactochemical communication.
  • While lipid profiles change, maternal behavior in P. saltans does not appear to directly correlate with the developmental stage of the cocoon.
  • Maternal care is likely influenced by a combination of the mother's internal state and external cues from the cocoon.