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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Biomarkers Associated with Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation.

Adam Ioannou1, Nikolaos Papageorgiou2, Debbie Falconer3

  • 1Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|July 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarkers can help predict cardioembolic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, but current options are insufficient. A comprehensive scoring system integrating biomarkers and clinical factors is needed for better risk stratification and treatment.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationarrythmiabiomarkerscardioembolic strokestroke predictionthromboembolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Stroke Prevention

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly increases cardioembolic stroke risk.
  • Existing oral anticoagulants do not fully mitigate this risk, leaving patients vulnerable to recurrent thromboembolic events.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers for high-risk AF patients is crucial for clinical benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze existing data on biomarkers for predicting cardioembolic stroke in AF patients.
  • To critically evaluate the clinical significance and predictive accuracy of identified biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted.
  • Analysis focused on biomarkers identified for cardioembolic stroke prediction in AF.
  • Evaluation of clinical significance and predictive utility of these biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Several biomarkers, including d-dimers, troponins, and brain natriuretic peptide, are used clinically.
  • Emerging biomarkers like growth differentiation factor-15, micro-RNAs, and genetic markers show promise.
  • Current biomarkers, while indicating increased risk, lack precise predictive accuracy for future events.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple biomarkers show potential for predicting cardioembolic stroke in AF.
  • Further research is necessary to develop a multifactorial scoring system.
  • Such a system could identify high-risk patients for intensified treatment and monitoring.