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Nrf2 as a target for prevention of age-related and diabetic cataracts by against oxidative stress
Xiu-Fen Liu1, Ji-Long Hao1, Tian Xie2
1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
Abstract:
Cataract is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide, with age-related cataract being the most common one. Agents preventing cataract formation are urgently required. Substantial evidences point out aggravated oxidative stress as a vital factor for cataract formation. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like erythroid-cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1) system is considered as one of the main cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stresses. This review discusses the role of Nrf2 pathway in the prevention of cataracts and highlights that Nrf2 suppressors may augment oxidative stress of the lens, and Nrf2 inducers may decrease the oxidative stress and prevent the cataract formation. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for cataract treatment.
Insights
Oxidative stress drives cataract formation. Activating the Nrf2 pathway may prevent cataracts by reducing lens oxidative stress, offering a potential therapeutic target for this common cause of blindness.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Medicine
Background:
- Age-related cataract is a leading cause of global blindness.
- Oxidative stress is a critical factor in cataract development.
- The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is a key cellular defense against oxidative stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of the Nrf2 pathway in cataract prevention.
- To explore Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for cataracts.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on oxidative stress and cataract formation.
- Analysis of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway's function.
- Evaluation of Nrf2 inducers and suppressors in the context of lens oxidative stress.
Main Results:
- Nrf2 activation mitigates oxidative stress in the lens.
- Nrf2 suppressors may exacerbate lens oxidative stress.
- Nrf2 inducers demonstrate potential in preventing cataract formation.
Conclusions:
- The Nrf2 pathway plays a crucial role in protecting the lens from oxidative damage.
- Modulating the Nrf2 pathway, particularly through Nrf2 inducers, holds promise for preventing and treating cataracts.
- Nrf2 represents a significant therapeutic target for age-related cataract.
