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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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Inflammation, Microbiota, and Prostate Cancer.

Martin Puhr1, Angelo De Marzo2, William Isaacs3

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Chronic prostate inflammation is linked to preneoplastic lesions and cancer. Research highlights etiological factors, microbiota, and genetic links, emphasizing the need for functional studies to understand inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Chronic prostate inflammation is associated with preneoplastic lesions and prostate cancer development.
  • Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, play a role in prostate carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on etiological factors, urinary microbiota, and morphological features of proliferative inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.
  • To evaluate genetic polymorphisms, inflammatory stress, and cytokine signaling in relation to prostate inflammation and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed from 2010 onwards, including key earlier publications.
  • Review focused on prostate inflammation, microbiota, and prostate cancer.

Main Results:

  • Prostate inflammation and premalignant lesions are frequently discussed in scientific literature.
  • Morphological pathology analysis can be complemented by gene polymorphism studies and functional investigations.
  • Limited models exist for studying inflammation and premalignant prostate lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Prostatitis causes include infections, diet, and hormonal changes; microbiota can directly impact cancer.
  • Prostate inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia are linked to cellular stress and early cancer.
  • Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations may result from prostate inflammation; Interleukin-6 and -8 are implicated in malignancy.