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Imaging Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-A Multimodality Update
Thomas Semple1,2, Mohammed R Akhtar3, Catherine M Owens2
1The Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdon.
Insights
New imaging techniques enhance the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common infant lung disease. Advances in CT, MRI, and ultrasound offer improved assessment of lung structure and function.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Medical Imaging
- Neonatology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the leading cause of chronic lung disease in infants, incurring substantial healthcare costs.
- Traditional imaging like chest radiography and CT are established, but recent technological progress necessitates updated knowledge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review significant advancements in imaging technologies for BPD over the past 5-10 years.
- To highlight the capabilities and limitations of novel imaging techniques in assessing BPD.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent technological advances in computed tomography (CT), including quantitative CT and postprocessing.
- Assessment of structural lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI techniques (ventilation/perfusion) using gas contrast agents and Fourier decomposition.
- Exploration of emerging applications of lung ultrasound in BPD.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been made in quantitative CT for BPD assessment.
- MRI offers new avenues for evaluating lung structure, ventilation, and perfusion.
- Lung ultrasound shows promise as a complementary diagnostic tool.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of advanced imaging modalities is crucial for effective BPD management.
- Emerging techniques in CT, MRI, and ultrasound provide enhanced insights into BPD pathophysiology and progression.
Abstract:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common form of infantile chronic lung disease and results in significant health-care expenditure. The roles of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) are well documented but numerous recent advances in imaging technology have paved the way for newer imaging techniques including structural pulmonary assessment via lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional assessment via ventilation, and perfusion MRI and quantitative imaging techniques using both CT and MRI. New applications for ultrasound have also been suggested. With the increasing array of complex technologies available, it is becoming increasingly important to have a deeper knowledge of the technological advances of the past 5-10 years and particularly the limitations of some newer techniques currently undergoing intense research. This review article aims to cover the most salient advances relevant to BPD imaging, particularly advances within CT technology, postprocessing and quantitative CT; structural MRI assessment, ventilation and perfusion imaging using gas contrast agents and Fourier decomposition techniques and lung ultrasound.
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