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Euthanasia: Global Scenario and Its Status in India.

Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat1, Tanuj Kanchan2, Puneet Setia2

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India. drraghavendrasinghshekhawat@gmail.com.

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India is considering new legislation for euthanasia, prompted by the Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug case. This aims to provide clear guidelines for medical treatment of terminally ill patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Law
  • Bioethics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Euthanasia's legal and moral standing is frequently debated globally and in India.
  • The Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug case brought significant public attention to the issue of euthanasia in India.
  • Existing Indian law lacks clear, unambiguous guidelines on euthanasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current legal and ethical landscape of euthanasia in India.
  • To review the developments leading to the proposed "The Medical Treatment of Terminally Ill Patients (Protection of Patients and Medical Practitioners) Bill."
  • To assess the potential impact of new legislation on patient rights and medical practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug case and its legal implications.
  • Analysis of the public notice issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in May 2016.
  • Examination of global euthanasia legislation and guidelines.
  • Assessment of ongoing and pending litigation concerning euthanasia in India.

Main Results:

  • The Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug case spurred judicial and governmental action on euthanasia.
  • A draft bill was proposed in May 2016, seeking public and stakeholder opinions.
  • India currently has limited specific legislation for euthanasia, unlike a few other countries.
  • There is a recognized need for discreet and unambiguous laws governing euthanasia.

Conclusions:

  • The Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug case was pivotal in initiating discussions and actions regarding euthanasia in India.
  • The proposed bill signifies a move towards establishing clear legal frameworks for end-of-life medical care.
  • India's future legislation on euthanasia holds the potential to provide much-needed clarity and protection.