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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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MicroRNAs in mucosal inflammation.

Viola Neudecker1, Xiaoyi Yuan2, Jessica L Bowser2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. v.b.neudecker@gmail.com.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|July 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of mucosal homeostasis, modulating immune responses in the lungs and intestines. Dysregulation is linked to inflammatory diseases, highlighting miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Acute and chronic lung diseaseBarrier functionEpithelial immune responseEpithelial inflammationInflammatory bowel diseaseMucosal immunityMucosal inflammationPulmonary inflammationmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The majority of human body surface area is internal mucosa (lungs, intestinal tract), crucial for homeostasis due to constant external exposure.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis, influencing immune function and inflammatory responses.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with various human diseases, particularly inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological roles of miRNAs in mucosal defense and homeostasis.
  • To explore the implications of miRNA dysregulation in pulmonary and intestinal inflammatory diseases.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for treating mucosal inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biology and function.
  • Analysis of studies linking miRNA expression to mucosal immunity and inflammation.
  • Synthesis of current research on miRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play a significant role in modulating immune responses within mucosal tissues.
  • miRNA expression patterns are altered in conditions like acute lung injury and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers a promising strategy for managing mucosal inflammatory disorders.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are integral to maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis.
  • miRNA-based therapies hold potential for treating inflammatory diseases of the lungs and intestines.
  • Further research into miRNA modulation is warranted for clinical applications in mucosal immunology.