Experience with newer central nervous system autoantibodies

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

• Neuronal cell-surface antibodies are increasingly recognized in neuroimmunological disorders.
• Unlike intracellularly targeted paraneoplastic antibodies, these antibodies are directly pathogenic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review common neuronal cell-surface antibodies implicated in central nervous system disorders.
• To highlight the clinical significance of identifying these antibodies for patient management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of described neuronal cell-surface antibodies.
• Categorization of antibodies based on their target antigens.

Main Results:

• Common targets include ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDAR, AMPAR), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1, mGluR5), and voltage-gated potassium channel-complex proteins (LGI1, CASPR2).
• Other reviewed antibodies target glycine receptor, glutamic acid decarboxylase, gamma-amino butyric acid B, dopamine-2-receptor, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6.

Conclusions:

• Prompt identification and treatment of patients with these antibodies can significantly improve clinical outcomes.
• Understanding these antibody targets is crucial for diagnosing and managing neuroimmunological CNS disorders.