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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Improving Beef Cattle Nutrition and Production with a Focus on Feed Efficiency and Meat Quality Traits Through Advanced Biochemical and Molecular Assays
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Economic selection index development for Beefmaster cattle II: General-purpose breeding objective.

K P Ochsner, M D MacNeil, R M Lewis

    Journal of Animal Science
    |July 21, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new economic selection index for Beefmaster cattle prioritizes reducing mature cow weight and improving weaning weight for increased profitability. This tool aids genetic improvement in general production systems retaining replacements or selling weaned calves.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Quantitative Genetics
    • Agricultural Economics

    Background:

    • Beefmaster cattle production systems involve complex breeding decisions.
    • Optimizing profitability requires balancing multiple genetic traits.
    • Existing selection methods may not fully capture economic drivers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an economic selection index for Beefmaster cattle.
    • To identify key traits influencing profitability in a general production system.
    • To provide a tool for genetic improvement and enhanced farm profitability.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized national average prices (2010-2014) for income and expense data.
    • Estimated economic values by simulating 100,000 animals and perturbing traits.
    • Incorporated genetic parameters from existing literature.

    Main Results:

    • Relative economic values: mature cow weight (-33.46), weaning weight direct (18.49), weaning weight maternal (11.28).
    • Greatest profitability gains are linked to decreasing mature cow weight and increasing weaning weight.
    • Index accuracy ranges from 0.218 to 0.428.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed index effectively guides genetic selection for improved Beefmaster profitability.
    • Focusing on mature cow weight and weaning weight offers significant economic advantages.
    • Implementation supports genetic gain in operations with retained replacements and weaned calf sales.