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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.8K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.8K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.3K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.3K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.6K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.6K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.9K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Rapid and Efficient Method to Dissect Pupal Wings of Drosophila Suitable for Immunodetections or PCR Assays
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Solid-State NMR Study of the Cicada Wing.

John D Gullion1, Terry Gullion1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|July 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Solid-state NMR reveals distinct molecular compositions in cicada wing veins and membranes. This research advances understanding of insect cuticle structure and function.

Area of Science:

  • Insect morphology
  • Biomaterials science
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Insect wings are part of the exoskeleton, primarily composed of protein, chitin, and lipids.
  • The insoluble and noncrystalline nature of cuticle hinders molecular characterization.
  • Previous studies used solid-state NMR on beetle exoskeletons, noting chitin and protein contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the molecular components of cicada wings, specifically veins and membranes.
  • To investigate differences in molecular composition between wing vein and membrane structures.
  • To apply solid-state NMR techniques to insect wing cuticle analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Analyzed the wing of the 17-year cycle cicada (Magicicada cassini).

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  • Compared molecular characteristics of wing vein and membrane sections.

    • Main Results:

    • Solid-state NMR experiments identified distinct molecular differences between cicada wing veins and membranes.
    • The study provides new data on the heterogeneity of insect wing cuticle composition.
    • Observed variations suggest specialized roles for vein and membrane structures.

    Conclusions:

    • The molecular composition of cicada wing veins and membranes differs significantly.
    • Solid-state NMR is a valuable tool for elucidating insect cuticle structure.
    • Further research can explore the functional implications of these compositional differences.