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Glucocorticoid programming of neuroimmune function.

David J Walker1, Karen A Spencer1

  • 1School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, United Kingdom.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental stress can permanently alter physiological systems through developmental programming. Glucocorticoids, key stress hormones, impact neuroimmune responses, with pre- and post-natal periods being critical for understanding these effects.

Keywords:
CytokinesDevelopmental programmingGlucocorticoidsMicrogliaNeuroimmuneStress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Physiological systems aim for homeostasis but are vulnerable to developmental perturbations.
  • Developmental programming describes permanent alterations in physiological function due to early-life exposures.
  • The neuroimmune system's interaction with the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoids is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of glucocorticoids on neuroimmune responses during development.
  • To identify critical pre- and post-natal windows for glucocorticoid programming of the neuroimmune system.
  • To elucidate mechanisms underlying developmental programming of the central nervous system (CNS) by stress hormones.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on pre- and post-natal periods for experimental manipulation.
  • Analysis of glucocorticoid effects on neuroimmune pathways.
  • Investigating the long-term physiological consequences of early-life stress.

Main Results:

  • Elevated glucocorticoids from developmental stress have significant short- and long-term physiological effects.
  • Specific mechanisms by which glucocorticoids program neuroimmune responses require further elucidation.
  • Pre- and post-natal periods are crucial for understanding glucocorticoid-induced programming.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding glucocorticoid programming is vital for identifying CNS vulnerabilities during development.
  • This knowledge may improve the therapeutic use of glucocorticoids in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Early-life stress and glucocorticoid exposure can permanently shape neuroimmune system function.