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A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

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Published on: December 25, 2015

Continuous nitrogen removal by a single-stage reactor packed with ring-laced string medium.

Masahiro Tatara¹, Shu Ishikawa¹, Yoshiyuki Ueno¹

¹Kajima Technical Research Institute, 2-19-1 Tobitakyu, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

|July 22, 2017

Summary

A packed-bed reactor efficiently removed nitrogen using partial-nitritation/anammox (PNA) in industrial wastewater. This process demonstrated stable performance and high nitrogen removal efficiency, even with microbial community shifts.

Keywords:

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria Anammox Deammonification Denitrification Nitritation Packed-bed reactor

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Published on: October 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Wastewater treatment engineering
Bioreactor technology

Background:

Nitrogen removal from wastewater is crucial for environmental protection.
Partial-nitritation/anammox (PNA) is an efficient biological nitrogen removal process.
Optimizing PNA reactor performance requires understanding microbial community dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficiency and stability of nitrogen removal using a PNA reaction in a packed-bed reactor.
To evaluate the performance of the PNA process in industrial wastewater (IW) over an extended period.
To analyze the microbial community structure and its correlation with nitrogen removal efficiency.

Main Methods:

Utilized a packed-bed reactor with ring-laced strings as a supporting medium.
Acclimated PNA microorganisms from activated sludge under high nitrogen-loading rate (NLR) and short hydraulic retention time (HRT).
Analyzed microbial community structure using pyro-tag sequencing and monitored nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE).

Main Results:

Achieved stable PNA microbial population within two months.
Demonstrated consistent NRE >77% in IW over 260 days, with NLR ranging from 0.19 to 0.53 kg/m³d.
Observed distinct microbial stratification within the biofilm (anammox bacteria inner, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria outer).
Despite a decrease in anammox bacteria ratio in IW, NRE remained stable at ~88% due to sufficient propagation.
Community structure in synthetic inorganic medium (SIM) remained stable, while IW showed increased diversity.

Conclusions:

The packed-bed reactor with ring-laced strings is effective for stable nitrogen removal via PNA in industrial wastewater.
The PNA process demonstrates resilience and high efficiency even with significant microbial community shifts in complex industrial wastewater.
Low-level oxygen supply effectively controlled partial nitrification, crucial for PNA process stability.