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Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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[Malignant melanoma : Current status].

J K Winkler1, K Buder-Bakhaya2, A Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss3

  • 1Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätshautklinik, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. Julia.Winkler@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Der Radiologe
|July 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic melanoma treatment has advanced with immunotherapy, offering improved survival rates and long-term disease control. Close patient monitoring is essential for personalized therapy and managing side effects.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapyIpilimumabNivolumabPembrolizumabT-VEC

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma incidence is rising, with limited prognosis for metastatic disease.
  • Palliative chemotherapy was the previous standard for metastatic melanoma, showing limited response rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment innovations and diagnostic work-up for metastatic melanoma.
  • To highlight the impact of immunotherapy on patient prognosis and survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging techniques including sonography, CT, MRI, and FDG-PET.
  • Analysis of immunotherapy outcomes, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab, anti-PD-1 antibodies) and oncolytic virus therapy (T-VEC).

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has significantly improved prognosis for metastatic melanoma.
  • Combined ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy shows a response rate of nearly 60% with a 2-year survival of approximately 60%.
  • Ipilimumab alone offers long-term tumor control in about 20% of patients, and anti-PD-1 antibodies achieve a median overall survival of around 2 years.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized therapy definition is crucial for patients with metastatic melanoma.
  • Close patient monitoring is vital within modern immunotherapy treatment regimens.
  • Management of immune-mediated side effects requires careful consideration.