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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

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The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

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PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

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Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Platinum derivatives: a multidisciplinary approach.

Sinziana Gheorghe-Cetean1, Calin Cainap, Luminita Oprean

  • 1Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Cluj-Napoca.

Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
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Platinum derivatives are vital cancer treatments, improving patient outcomes and prolonging remission. However, adverse reactions limit their use, necessitating research into resistance mechanisms and predictive biomarkers like miRNAs, p53, and ERCC1.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, driving intensive research into treatment strategies.
  • Platinum derivatives have been a cornerstone of chemotherapy since the 1980s, significantly improving patient quality of life and disease-free intervals.
  • Despite their efficacy, adverse and allergic reactions associated with platinum derivatives pose a major therapeutic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of platinum derivatives in anticancer therapy.
  • To explore the chemical properties, mechanisms of action, and resistance pathways of platinum-based drugs.
  • To identify predictive factors for chemotherapy outcomes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), tumor suppressor protein p53, and ERCC1.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary review of existing data on platinum derivatives.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and mechanisms of action.
  • Examination of cellular resistance mechanisms and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Platinum derivatives are essential anticancer agents with a proven track record in improving patient survival and remission duration.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for optimizing platinum-based chemotherapy.
  • Biomarkers such as miRNAs, p53, and ERCC1 show promise in predicting patient response to chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Platinum derivatives remain critical in cancer treatment, but their application is hindered by toxicity.
  • Further research into resistance mechanisms and predictive biomarkers is essential for personalized and effective platinum-based cancer therapy.