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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

High-Throughput Measurement and Classification of Organic P in Environmental Samples
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Colloidal-Bound Polyphosphates and Organic Phosphates Are Bioavailable: A Nutrient Solution Study.

Jessica Bollyn1, Joran Faes1, Andreas Fritzsche2

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|July 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colloidal iron (Fe(III)) minerals coated with organic matter or poly-phosphate (P) can stabilize nano-P fertilizers. Spinach studies show these colloidal P forms contribute to plant-available phosphorus (P), suggesting potential for novel fertilizer applications.

Keywords:
colloidal stabilityiron oxyhydroxide colloidsnanofertilizerorganic phosphatepolyphosphate

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Optimized Procedure for Determining the Adsorption of Phosphonates onto Granular Ferric Hydroxide using a Miniaturized Phosphorus Determination Method

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Plant Nutrition
  • Colloid Chemistry

Background:

  • Colloidal Fe(III) minerals can be stabilized by organic or poly-phosphate (P) coatings.
  • This stabilization offers a potential pathway for developing nano-P fertilizers.
  • The bioavailability of these colloidal P forms for plants remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bioavailability of different colloidal phosphorus (P) forms for spinach (Spinacia oleracea).
  • To determine if P bound to Fe(III) colloids, stabilized by organic matter or poly-P, is plant-available.
  • To quantify the relative bioavailability of these colloidal P forms compared to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi).

Main Methods:

  • Spinach was cultivated in nutrient solutions with equal total P supplied as orthophosphate (Pi), hexametaphosphate (HMP), or myo-inositol hexaphosphate (IHP).
  • These P forms were either free or bound to goethite/ferrihydrite colloids.
  • Phosphorus uptake was measured using dose-response curves, and relative bioavailability (RBAcolloid) was calculated against colloid-free Pi.

Main Results:

  • Relative bioavailability (RBAcolloid) was approximately 60% for Pi-loaded goethite stabilized with natural organic matter.
  • RBAcolloid values for HMP/IHP-bound P ranged from 10% to 50%, correlating with increased sorption strength.
  • Colloidal organic P and poly-P effectively stabilized Fe(III) colloids, contributing to plant-available P.

Conclusions:

  • Colloidal organic P and poly-P can stabilize Fe(III) colloids in solution.
  • These stabilized colloidal P forms demonstrate significant bioavailability to plants.
  • Further soil experiments are necessary to evaluate their efficacy as nano-P fertilizers.