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Neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex.

E G Jones

    Journal of Neurosurgery
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review explores neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the cerebral cortex, detailing their roles in neural circuits and diseases like dementia and epilepsy. Understanding these chemical messengers is key to cortical function and pathology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurochemistry
    • Cerebral Cortex Research

    Background:

    • The cerebral cortex utilizes diverse neurotransmitters and neuropeptides for signaling.
    • These substances play crucial roles in intracortical circuitry and neuronal function.
    • Dysregulation of these signaling molecules is implicated in various cortical diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To survey conventional neurotransmitters and modulatory neuropeptides in the cerebral cortex.
    • To correlate their distribution with cortical neuron types and fiber pathways.
    • To assess their physiological actions and potential roles in neurological disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on cortical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.
    • Analysis of substance distribution in relation to cortical anatomy.

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  • Examination of physiological effects and implications in disease states.

    • Main Results:

    • Key neurotransmitters like serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, and acetylcholine are found in afferent cortical fibers.
    • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in cortical interneurons.
    • Many cortical peptides are co-localized in GABAergic neurons, potentially serving trophic functions.
    • Neuropeptide levels decrease in cortical dementias; acetylcholine is also a cortical transmitter.
    • Excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate or aspartate are suspected in pyramidal cells and excitotoxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are integral to cortical function and disease pathogenesis.
    • Further research into these signaling molecules can illuminate treatment strategies for cortical disorders.
    • Understanding the precise roles of GABAergic and excitatory transmitters is critical for deciphering cortical circuitry.