Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.9K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.5K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.5K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.2K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Is There a Unified Etiology of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome? Evaluating Genetic, Structural, and Hemodynamic Models of Disease Initiation.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology·2026
Same author

Clinical Phenotypes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Decade of Evidence Toward Personalized Management.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology·2026
Same author

Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Associated with Elevated GCLm and Impaired Contraction: Insights into Osteogenic Transdifferentiation and Therapeutic Approaches.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology·2025
Same author

Neurogranin-MYH9 interaction regulates cytoskeletal remodeling in cerebral vasculature.

Fluids and barriers of the CNS·2025
Same author

Methamphetamine-Induced Loss of Syndecan-1 and Retinal Endothelial Integrity via the TAAR-1/MMP-9 Pathway.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology·2025
Same author

Retinal Angiogenesis in Methamphetamine Self-Administration Rats.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.7K

Diabetic retinopathy: Breaking the barrier.

Randa S Eshaq1, Alaa M Z Aldalati1, J Steven Alexander1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.

Pathophysiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
|July 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes, causes blindness by damaging retinal blood vessels. This review details the cellular and molecular changes leading to DR progression and vision loss.

Keywords:
Blood-retinal barrierDiabetesOxidative stressPermeabilityRetina

More Related Videos

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

14.1K
Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.7K
Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tgfli:EGFP Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

14.1K
Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness globally, affecting both type I and type II diabetes patients.
  • DR progressively damages the retinal microvasculature due to biochemical and pathophysiological changes in a hyperglycemic environment.
  • Altered neural, endothelial, and support cell mechanisms contribute to DR pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy.
  • To discuss changes in retinal vascular endothelial cells and their impact on retinal integrity.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on diabetic retinopathy.
  • The review focuses on cellular and molecular alterations in the retinal vasculature.

Main Results:

  • Hyperglycemia induces pathological changes in retinal vasculature, including glycocalyx loss and blood-retinal barrier dysfunction.
  • Increased inflammatory markers and leukocyte/platelet adhesion are key features of DR.
  • Alterations at the retinal vascular endothelial cell surface disrupt retinal integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding these cellular and molecular changes is crucial for developing effective diabetic retinopathy treatments.
  • Targeting vascular endothelial cell surface modifications may offer therapeutic strategies for preventing DR-related vision loss.