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Updated: Feb 26, 2026
A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Molecular classification of hepatocellular adenoma in clinical practice
Jean-Charles Nault1, Valérie Paradis2, Daniel Cherqui3
1Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign liver tumors occurring in young women taking contraception. They are associated with rare complications such as bleeding or malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma. A molecular classification has divided HCA in several subgroups linked with risk factors, clinical behaviour, histological features and imaging: HNF1A inactivated HCA, Inflammatory HCA, CTNNB1 mutated HCA in exon 3, CTNNB1 mutated in exon 7 and 8 HCA, sonic hedgehog HCA and unclassified HCA. CTNNB1 mutated HCA in exon 3 and sonic hedgehog HCA have been linked with a high risk of malignant transformation and bleeding respectively. Herein, we review how molecular classification has modified our understanding of the pathophysiology and risk factors of HCA development, analysing its impact on clinical care in the field of diagnosis and therapeutic stratification.
