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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Multi-energy calibration applied to atomic spectrometry.

Alex Virgilio1, Daniel A Gonçalves2, Tina McSweeney3

  • 1Group for Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, P. O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.

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Summary

Multi-energy calibration (MEC) offers a streamlined approach to chemical analysis, requiring only two solutions for accurate results. This novel method enhances precision and efficiency in determining analyte concentrations across various techniques.

Keywords:
Atomic absorptionAtomic emissionCalibrationComplex-matrix samplesMatrix-matchingMultiple analytical signals

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Traditional calibration methods often require numerous standard solutions and can be affected by matrix effects.
  • Developing efficient and accurate calibration strategies is crucial for reliable quantitative analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel calibration strategy called Multi-energy calibration (MEC).
  • To demonstrate the applicability and advantages of MEC across different atomic spectrometric techniques.

Main Methods:

  • MEC utilizes a fixed analyte concentration and multiple transition energies for calibration.
  • It involves preparing two solutions: one sample-standard mixture and one sample-blank mixture.
  • Instrument responses are monitored at multiple wavelengths for each analyte, with calibration curves generated from these signals.

Main Results:

  • MEC was successfully applied to ICP OES, MIP OES, and HR-CS FAAS.
  • Six analytes were accurately quantified in complex matrices like food and beverages.
  • Results showed comparable or improved accuracy against traditional calibration methods (external calibration, internal standardization, standard additions).

Conclusions:

  • MEC is a simple, fast, and efficient matrix-matching calibration method.
  • It requires minimal calibration solutions, reducing preparation time and potential errors.
  • The method is versatile and applicable to techniques with simultaneous or fast sequential multi-signal monitoring capabilities.