Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care: A Concise Review of Evidence-Based Practice

Area of Science:

• Pediatric infectious diseases
• Adolescent medicine
• Public health

Background:

• Children and adolescents with HIV require specialized care approaches.
• Key stages include prevention, testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and ongoing engagement.
• Age-specific barriers must be addressed for successful long-term viral suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the unique challenges and necessary strategies in providing HIV care for pediatric and adolescent populations.
• To emphasize the importance of addressing age-specific barriers throughout the continuum of HIV care.
• To underscore the potential for a normal lifespan with sustained ART.

Main Methods:

• This is a review and synthesis of current knowledge and best practices in pediatric and adolescent HIV care.
• Focuses on critical steps: prevention, testing, ART initiation, retention, and engagement.
• Examines common struggles such as ART adherence, disclosure, and stigma.

Main Results:

• Successful HIV care for youth necessitates addressing unique age-related barriers.
• Adherence to ART, disclosure of HIV status, and stigma are significant challenges for youth, families, and providers.
• Multifaceted approaches and careful care transitions are essential.

Conclusions:

• With sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART), youth living with HIV can achieve long-term health and a normal lifespan.
• Effective HIV management in young people requires tailored strategies and comprehensive support.
• Continued research and implementation of best practices are vital for improving outcomes.