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Grape stalk application for caffeine removal through adsorption.

Rodrigo Portinho1, Odivan Zanella2, Liliana Amaral Féris1

  • 1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Separation and Unity Operation (LASOP), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n. Campus Central, CEP: 90040-040, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Journal of Environmental Management
|July 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Grape stalk waste effectively removes caffeine from water using adsorption. Modified grape stalk and activated carbon showed high adsorption capacities, offering a sustainable water treatment solution.

Keywords:
Activated carbonAdsorptionCaffeineEmerging pollutantsGrape stalkWater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Growing concern over emerging pollutants in water resources necessitates advanced treatment methods.
  • Agricultural wastes offer a sustainable and cost-effective source for adsorbent materials.
  • Grape stalk, an underutilized industrial byproduct, presents potential for water purification applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of grape stalk in various forms for caffeine removal from aqueous solutions.
  • To optimize adsorption conditions including pH, residence time, and adsorbent concentration.
  • To characterize the adsorption behavior using isotherms and determine the physical properties of the adsorbents.

Main Methods:

  • Grape stalk was prepared in three forms: raw (GS), phosphoric acid-modified (MGS), and activated carbon (GSAC).
  • Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine optimal parameters (pH, time, concentration).
  • Adsorption equilibrium was modeled using the Sips model, and adsorbent characteristics (surface area, pore volume) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Optimal pH for caffeine adsorption was 2.0 for GS and MGS, and 4.0 for GSAC.
  • Optimum conditions yielded maximum adsorption capacities of 89.2 mg/g (GS), 129.6 mg/g (MGS), and 916.7 mg/g (GSAC).
  • GSAC exhibited significantly higher adsorption capacity due to its large specific surface area (1099.86 m²/g) and micropore volume (0.568 cm³/g).

Conclusions:

  • Grape stalk, particularly in its activated carbon form, is a highly effective adsorbent for caffeine removal.
  • The study demonstrates the potential of agricultural waste valorization for sustainable water treatment.
  • Adsorption performance is influenced by adsorbent modification and physical characteristics, with acidic conditions favoring removal.