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TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report.

Fiona Stapleton1, Monica Alves2, Vatinee Y Bunya3

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular condition with significant impact.
  • Understanding its epidemiology is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize epidemiological data on dry eye disease.
  • To identify prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and economic burden.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of published prevalence data.
  • Global mapping of DED prevalence.
  • Categorization of risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Global DED prevalence ranges from 5% to 50%, increasing with age and higher in women.
  • Prevalence of signs exceeds symptoms; Asian ethnicity is a consistent risk factor.
  • Significant economic burden exists, particularly from reduced work productivity.

Conclusions:

  • DED prevalence is substantial and influenced by age and sex.
  • Further research is needed on incidence, risk factors (youth, digital devices), natural history, and geospatial influences.
  • Standardized questionnaires are needed for accurate DED evaluation.