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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Best Practices for Building a Bimodal/Bilingual Child Language Corpus.

Deborah Chen Pichler, Julie A Hochgesang, Diane Lillo-Martin

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    Summary

    Collecting longitudinal language samples from young bimodal bilingual children presents unique challenges. This study outlines respectful methods for gathering spontaneous sign language and spoken language data, emphasizing parent collaboration for accurate linguistic insights.

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    Area of Science:

    • Linguistics
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Child Language Acquisition

    Background:

    • Bimodal bilingualism involves simultaneous acquisition of signed and spoken languages.
    • Longitudinal data collection is crucial for understanding language development trajectories.
    • Previous research has not fully addressed the specific methodological hurdles in studying young bimodal bilinguals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detail effective and respectful strategies for collecting longitudinal spontaneous language samples from young bimodal bilingual children.
    • To address challenges related to language choice, elicitation techniques, and participant engagement.
    • To provide guidelines for researchers and support for participating families.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study design involving bimodal bilingual children in the United States and Brazil.
    • Focus on spontaneous sign language and spoken language production.
    • Development of protocols for directing language use and training parents/interlocutors.
    • Emphasis on participant-centered approaches and data use negotiation.

    Main Results:

    • Successful implementation of methods for eliciting representative language samples.
    • Demonstration of techniques to manage language choice and encourage target language use.
    • Establishment of collaborative relationships with participating families.
    • Identification of strategies to enhance data quality and participant experience.

    Conclusions:

    • Methodological adaptations are essential for studying bimodal bilingual language acquisition.
    • Parental involvement and respectful negotiation are key to successful longitudinal data collection.
    • The presented strategies enhance the feasibility and quality of research with young bimodal bilingual children.