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Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation

A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca²⁺ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation

Published on: March 21, 2025

Simulation study on compressive laminar optical tomography for cardiac action potential propagation.

Takumi Harada¹, Naoki Tomii¹, Shota Manago²

¹Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.

Biomedical Optics Express

|July 25, 2017

Summary

Compressive laminar optical tomography (CLOT) enhances microscopic tissue activity measurement speed. This new method uses compressed sensing for over 200 frames per second, crucial for dynamic cardiac electrophysiology studies.

Keywords:

(170.3880) Medical and biological imaging (170.6960) Tomography

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Area of Science:

Biomedical optics
Microscopy
Optical imaging

Background:

Laminar optical tomography (LOT) measures microscopic tissue activity but faces speed limitations.
Rapidly changing dynamic biological processes require faster imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel LOT method, compressive laminar optical tomography (CLOT), to achieve high-speed imaging.
To enable measurement of dynamic tissue activity at the microscopic level.

Main Methods:

Development of CLOT, integrating compressed sensing theory with digital micromirror device-based illumination.
Application of a single reconstruction process for illumination and data reduction.
Simulation experiments to validate the method's performance.

Main Results:

Reconstructed volumetric images of action potentials up to a depth of 2.5 mm.
Demonstrated potential for frame rates exceeding 200 frames per second (fps).
Successful imaging using only 5 measured images with a random pattern.

Conclusions:

CLOT significantly improves the temporal resolution of laminar optical tomography.
The developed method shows promise for studying fast dynamic phenomena like cardiac electrophysiology.
CLOT offers a viable solution for high-speed microscopic optical imaging needs.