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High performance platinum single atom electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.

Jing Liu1,2, Menggai Jiao2,3, Lanlu Lu4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.

Nature Communications
|July 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a durable, cost-effective platinum single-atom electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This catalyst shows high performance and low platinum usage, crucial for sustainable vehicle applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require efficient cathode electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • Reducing platinum (Pt) consumption is critical for the large-scale, sustainable implementation of PEMFCs in vehicles.
  • Existing catalysts often face challenges with cost, durability, and tolerance to fuel crossover (e.g., CO, methanol).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective, high-performance, and durable electrocatalyst for PEMFC cathodes.
  • To investigate the potential of platinum single-atom catalysts (SACs) for ORR with enhanced fuel tolerance.
  • To evaluate the performance and durability of the developed SAC in an acidic single-cell environment.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a carbon black-supported platinum single-atom electrocatalyst.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the catalyst's ORR activity and durability in an acidic medium.
  • Single-cell testing of the catalyst as a cathode in a PEMFC.
  • Theoretical calculations (e.g., DFT) to understand active site structure and reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The developed Pt SAC exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the ORR.
  • High power density of up to 680 mW cm⁻² was achieved at 80°C with a low Pt loading of 0.09 mg<0xE2><0x82><0x97> cm⁻².
  • The catalyst demonstrated good durability and tolerance to carbon monoxide and methanol.
  • Theoretical calculations identified single-pyridinic-nitrogen-atom-anchored single-platinum-atom centers as the key active sites.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized Pt SAC is a promising, cost-effective cathode material for sustainable PEMFC applications.
  • The catalyst's high performance, durability, and fuel tolerance address key challenges in fuel cell technology.
  • The understanding of active sites provides a pathway for designing next-generation electrocatalysts.