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Related Concept Videos

Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut
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Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut

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Intestinal cestodes.

Camille Webb1, Miguel M Cabada

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Tapeworm infections are common globally, often asymptomatic but can cause severe disease. Advanced molecular diagnostics are revolutionizing the tracking of tapeworm (cestode) species epidemiology worldwide.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cestode infections represent a significant global health burden, frequently asymptomatic but capable of causing diverse clinical manifestations.
  • The epidemiology of tapeworm infections is dynamic, influenced by factors such as globalization and evolving diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cestode infections in humans.
  • To highlight the impact of advanced diagnostic techniques on identifying species-specific epidemiology.
  • To discuss the changing landscape of tapeworm infection distribution and prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cestode infections.
  • Emphasis on the role of molecular diagnostic techniques in species identification.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological data influenced by new diagnostic tools.

    • Main Results:

    • Molecular diagnostics challenge traditional species distribution patterns, revealing variations attributed to globalization.
    • Accurate tracking of tapeworm species epidemiology is enhanced by advanced molecular methods.
    • Tapeworm infections, while most prevalent in resource-poor settings, have a worldwide distribution.

    Conclusions:

    • Tapeworm infections can range from asymptomatic to severe, contributing to malnutrition and anemia.
    • Molecular diagnostics are crucial for understanding the evolving epidemiology of cestode infections.
    • Accurate species identification through molecular techniques aids in targeted public health interventions.