[Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia. Guideline for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment.]

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Hematology
• Public Health

Background:

• Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia, particularly affecting preschoolers.
• Prevalence rates exceed 35% in children under two years old in Argentina.
• Early detection, treatment, and prophylaxis are national priorities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a clear definition of anemia based on age and habitat.
• To review the primary causes of iron deficiency.
• To provide guidelines for the diagnosis and detection of iron deficiency anemia.

Main Methods:

• Guideline development based on existing literature and national health priorities.
• Definition of anemia considering chronological age, gestational age, and environmental factors.
• Review of etiological factors contributing to iron deficiency.

Main Results:

• The guideline provides age- and habitat-specific definitions for anemia.
• Key causes of iron deficiency are systematically reviewed.
• Diagnostic and detection protocols are established.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and management of iron deficiency anemia are crucial for preschool children.
• Standardized definitions and diagnostic approaches improve anemia care.
• Prophylaxis strategies are essential for vulnerable populations.