Microwave-induced combustion: Thermal and morphological aspects for understanding the mechanism of ignition process...

In the present work, for the first time a systematic study was performed using an infrared camera and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) to evaluate the mechanisms involved in microwave-induced combustion method, which has been extensively used for sample preparation. Cellulose and glass fiber discs, wetted with the igniter solution (6molL^-1 NH₄NO₃), were evaluated under microwave field in a monomode system. The temperature of the discs surface was recorded during microwave irradiation and the effect of NH₄NO₃ concentration and irradiation time on cellulose oxidation was evaluated. The morphology of the discs surface was characterized by SEM before and after irradiation in an inert atmosphere. According to the results, the surface temperature of the discs increased near to 100°C and remained in this temperature for few seconds while water evaporate. After that, temperature increased over 200°C due to the thermal decomposition of NH₄NO₃ salt, releasing a large amount of energy that accelerates cellulose oxidation. The higher the igniter concentration, the shorter was the microwave irradiation time for cellulose oxidation. The SEM images revealed that cellulose disc was more porous after microwave irradiation, enhancing oxygen diffusion within the paper and making easier its ignition. The EDS spectrum of cellulose and glass fiber discs showed that signal intensity for nitrogen decreased after microwave irradiation, showing that NH₄NO₃ was consumed during this process. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the ignition process is the result of synergic interaction of NH₄NO₃ thermal decomposition and organic matter oxidation (cellulose) releasing heat and feeding the chain reaction.