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Impaired retrieval processes evident during visual working memory in schizophrenia.

Peter A Lynn1,2, Seung Suk Kang1,2, Scott R Sponheim2,1

  • 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.

Schizophrenia Research. Cognition
|July 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

People with schizophrenia (PSZ) and their relatives show working memory (WM) deficits. Neural responses during retrieval predict WM performance in PSZ and relatives, suggesting retrieval is key for visuospatial WM.

Keywords:
EndophenotypeEvent-related potentialRelativesSchizophreniaWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) deficits are prominent in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) across sensory modalities.
  • Electrophysiological abnormalities in PSZ may underlie WM deficiencies, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • WM dysfunction in relatives (REL) suggests a genetic liability for schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural contributions to visuospatial WM deficits in PSZ.
  • To compare WM performance and electrophysiology in PSZ, REL, and controls (CTRL).
  • To understand the role of neural abnormalities in WM performance in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Administered a delayed response visuospatial WM task to 23 PSZ, 30 REL, and 37 CTRL.
  • Measured behavioral performance and N1 electrophysiological responses during stimulus encoding and retrieval.
  • Analyzed the relationship between neural responses and WM task performance.

Main Results:

  • PSZ performed worse on the WM task and failed to process distractors effectively compared to CTRL and REL.
  • CTRL showed stimulus differentiation in N1 retrieval responses, while PSZ failed to differentiate.
  • REL showed more pronounced stimulus differentiation during retrieval than PSZ, but less than CTRL.
  • Neural responses during retrieval predicted behavioral performance in PSZ and REL, but not CTRL.

Conclusions:

  • Retrieval processes are crucial for efficient visuospatial WM in PSZ and REL.
  • Deficits in differentiating stimuli during retrieval may contribute to WM impairments in schizophrenia.
  • WM retrieval may be a potential therapeutic target for improving cognitive function in PSZ.