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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

17.5K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

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Immune System Involvement in Specific Pain Conditions.

Stacie K Totsch1, Robert Ernest Sorge

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.

Molecular Pain
|July 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The immune system significantly contributes to chronic pain conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia. Focusing on these immune interactions in animal models is crucial for developing effective pain treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic pain is a widespread global health issue and the leading cause of disability in the U.S.
  • The immune system is integral to the development and persistence of numerous chronic pain states.
  • Immune involvement includes autoantibodies, cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators like substance P and interleukins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immune system's role in pain.
  • To explore the connection between immune system activity and specific chronic pain conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immune system involvement in pain.
  • Analysis of immune cell roles (T cells, B cells, microglia) in pain pathogenesis.
  • Examination of immune mediators in pain conditions.

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Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
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Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

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Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus
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Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

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Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
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Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

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Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus
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Main Results:

  • The immune system is a key factor in chronic pain conditions.
  • Specific conditions discussed include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy.
  • Immune cells and mediators are critical players in immune-related pain.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system's role in chronic pain is substantial and multifaceted.
  • Future research and treatments, particularly in animal models, should prioritize immune system interactions.
  • A deeper understanding of neuro-immune pathways is essential for advancing pain management strategies.