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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: August 2017.

Benjamin Zealley, Aubrey D N J de Grey

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    Summary

    This review covers engineering cell therapies, cancer targeting with enzyme-instructed self-assembly, helminth molecules for immune disorders, HOXA gene roles in stem cells, gamma frequency effects on amyloid, and blood flow in diabetic muscle.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Molecular Biology
    • Immunology
    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Neuroscience
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • This issue highlights diverse research areas including advanced cell therapies, novel cancer treatment strategies, and the study of immune system modulation.
    • It also delves into the fundamental mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal, neurodegenerative disease research, and the physiological impacts of diabetes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a concise overview of cutting-edge theses across multiple scientific disciplines.
    • To summarize key findings and methodologies in cell engineering, cancer therapy, immunology, stem cell research, neuroscience, and diabetes physiology.
    • To inform researchers and practitioners about recent advancements and potential therapeutic avenues.

    Main Methods:

    • Engineering cellular input-output for robust control of mammalian cell-based therapies.
    • Utilizing enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) for selective cancer cell targeting.
    • Exploring helminth-derived immunoregulatory molecules for autoimmune disease and allograft rejection.
    • Investigating the role of medial HOXA genes in human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
    • Applying gamma frequency entrainment to study amyloid load and microglia activity.
    • Analyzing heterogeneous microvascular blood flow in skeletal muscle oxygenation in diabetes.

    Main Results:

    • Development of engineered cellular systems for improved cell-based therapies.
    • Demonstration of EISA's potential in selectively targeting cancer cells.
    • Identification of helminth molecules as promising candidates for immune-related disorders.
    • Confirmation of medial HOXA gene necessity for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
    • Evidence of gamma frequency entrainment's effect on amyloid pathology and microglia.
    • Understanding the contribution of microvascular heterogeneity to impaired muscle oxygenation in diabetes.

    Conclusions:

    • The reviewed theses showcase significant progress in engineering biological systems for therapeutic applications.
    • Novel strategies are emerging for cancer treatment, immune modulation, and understanding stem cell biology.
    • Research into neurodegeneration and diabetes physiology offers new insights into disease mechanisms and potential interventions.