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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Patterned Disordered Cell Motion Ensures Vertebral Column Symmetry.

Dipjyoti Das1, Veena Chatti1, Thierry Emonet2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Developmental Cell
|July 26, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disordered cell motion is crucial for ensuring bilateral symmetry during embryonic development. Too much order in cell movement can lead to asymmetric spinal column growth, highlighting the importance of cellular disorder for organism-level order.

Keywords:
biomechanicsbody elongationcadherincollective cell migrationnoise regulationnotumscoliosissymmetry breakingsystems biologyzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic development requires precise regulation of posterior growth for spinal column symmetry.
  • Cellular processes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drive mesodermal progenitor sorting during trunk elongation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ordered versus disordered cell motion in embryonic posterior growth.
  • To determine how cell migration dynamics influence the bilateral symmetry of the developing spinal column.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cell migration in a tail-bud geometry.
  • Experimental data analysis of cell sorting and tissue elongation.
  • In silico and in vivo validation of cell motion effects.

Main Results:

  • Increased order in cell motion induces a phase transition from symmetric to asymmetric body elongation.
  • Overly ordered cell motion promotes the formation of stable vortices in the posterior tail bud.
  • This vortex formation contributes to asymmetric cell sorting and disrupts bilateral symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder in cell motion is a fundamental physical mechanism ensuring spinal column bilateral symmetry.
  • Patterned cellular disorder at the microscale leads to the emergence of organism-level order.
  • Understanding these biophysical principles is key to comprehending embryonic development.