[New methods for the evaluation of bone quality. How does decay bone quality?]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Skeletal Biology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Bone quality and strength are critical for skeletal integrity, influenced by bone turnover.
• Bone collagen cross-links and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are key determinants of material properties.
• Factors like oxidative stress, glycation, aging, and hormonal changes significantly affect these bone components.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the determinants of bone quality and strength.
• To elucidate the mechanisms by which oxidative and glycation stress impact bone material properties.
• To highlight the role of aging and hormonal factors in bone deterioration.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on bone turnover, mineralization, and microstructure.
• Analysis of factors affecting bone collagen enzymatic cross-links and AGEs.
• Examination of the impact of oxidative stress, glycation stress, and hormonal changes on bone properties.

Main Results:

• Bone turnover regulates mineralization and microstructure.
• Oxidative stress, glycation stress, reactive oxygen species, and carbonyl stress, exacerbated by aging and reduced sex hormone levels or glucocorticoid use, lead to bone material property deterioration.
• Bone collagen cross-links and AGEs are significantly affected by these factors.

Conclusions:

• Bone quality and strength are multifactorial, significantly influenced by metabolic and hormonal status.
• Increased oxidative and glycation stress accelerate bone aging and deterioration.
• Understanding these determinants is crucial for developing strategies to maintain skeletal health.