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(t, n) Threshold d-Level Quantum Secret Sharing.

Xiu-Li Song1, Yan-Bing Liu2, Hong-Yao Deng3

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This study introduces a flexible (t, n) threshold d-level Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) scheme, improving upon traditional (n, n) systems. The new QSS offers enhanced security and efficiency for quantum information sharing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Traditional Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) schemes often use an (n, n) threshold, requiring all shares for reconstruction.
  • Existing 2-level QSS systems lack universality and flexibility for diverse quantum information security needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel (t, n) threshold d-level Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS) scheme.
  • To enhance the universality, flexibility, and practicability of QSS systems.
  • To ensure participant privacy, even from a trusted reconstructor.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a (t, n) threshold d-level QSS protocol.
  • Utilizing quantum operations: d-level CNOT, Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT), Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (IQFT), and generalized Pauli operators.
  • Analysis of security against various quantum attacks and performance comparison with existing schemes.

Main Results:

  • The proposed d-level QSS scheme allows secret reconstruction with at least 't' out of 'n' shares.
  • Demonstrated resistance to intercept-resend, entangle-measure, collusion, and forgery attacks.
  • Achieved lower computation and communication costs compared to similar schemes for 2 < t < n-1.

Conclusions:

  • The developed (t, n) threshold d-level QSS scheme offers significant improvements in efficiency and security.
  • The scheme provides enhanced practical applicability for secure quantum information sharing.
  • The protocol ensures that individual participants' shares remain private from others.