Protective effect of naturally acquired homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus antibodies

To assess serotype specificity of immune resistance to rotavirus gastroenteritis, the relation between pre-existing neutralising antibodies to homotypic and heterotypic rotaviruses and protection against infection or clinical illness was investigated. The subjects were 44 orphans exposed once or twice to consecutive outbreaks of gastroenteritis due to type 3 rotavirus in an orphanage in Sapporo. Sera were collected throughout these outbreaks and the serum levels of neutralising antibodies against four different serotypes of group A human rotavirus were measured before and after the outbreaks. Protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis seemed to be serotype specific and to be related to levels of antibody against homotypic virus. A neutralising antibody level of 1/128 or greater seemed to be protective. The protective effect was of short duration, which was probably the explanation for recurrent attacks of gastroenteritis due to a rotavirus of the same serotype. Seroconversions or concomitant antibody responses to type 1 or 4 rotavirus in most children with type 3 rotavirus infection suggested that immunity to heterotypic virus can be induced by a rotavirus vaccine.