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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Complex effects of tumor microenvironment on the tumor disposition of carrier-mediated agents
Andrew T Lucas1,2,3, Lauren Sl Price1,2,3, Allison Schorzman1
1Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Abstract:
Major advances in carrier-mediated agents, including nanoparticle, conjugates and antibody-drug conjugates, have created revolutionary drug delivery systems in cancer over the past two decades. While these agents provide several advantages, such as greater duration of exposure and solubility, compared with their small-molecule counterparts, there is substantial variability in delivery of these agents to tissues and especially tumors. This review provides an overview of tumor microenvironment factors that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carrier-mediated agents observed in preclinical models and patients.
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