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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
Published on: September 4, 2012
Managing metastatic bone pain: New perspectives, different solutions
Iwona Zaporowska-Stachowiak1, Jacek Łuczak2, Karolina Hoffmann3
1Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Palliative Medicine In-Patient Unit, University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Abstract:
Bone metastases are the most frequent cause of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). Although palliative radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy conducted according to World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder are the treatment of choice for CIBP reduction, these methods are not always successful, especially with regard to alleviation of incidental pain. Antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates) are able to inhibit bone destruction (loss), proliferation of cancer cells and angiogenesis, but their prolonged use may lead to a spectrum of adverse effects. In this paper, types of bone metastases, their complications, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic implications are presented. Moreover, the paper discusses presently used CIBP treatment methods and research directions for future methods, with special focus on bone metastases.
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