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A double-blind study comparing an acellular pertussis-component DTP vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP
Insights
The acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AC-DTP) vaccine showed significantly fewer reactions compared to the whole-cell DTP (WC-DTP) vaccine. This new AC-DTP vaccine is as immunogenic as the older WC-DTP vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Vaccinology
- Immunology
Background:
- The whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (WC-DTP) vaccine is widely used but associated with significant reactogenicity.
- Development of acellular pertussis-component vaccines aims to reduce adverse reactions while maintaining immunogenicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an acellular pertussis-component DTP (AC-DTP) vaccine against a licensed WC-DTP vaccine.
- To evaluate the safety and immune response of the fourth DTP immunization in young children.
Main Methods:
- A comparative trial involving sixty 18- to 24-month-old children receiving either AC-DTP or WC-DTP as their fourth DTP dose.
- Systematic monitoring of local and systemic reactions within 48 hours post-vaccination.
- Assay of antibody responses to pertussis antigens, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid.
Main Results:
- AC-DTP recipients experienced significantly fewer adverse reactions, including fever, redness, tenderness, swelling, fretfulness, anorexia, and vomiting, compared to WC-DTP recipients.
- Antibody responses to pertussis antigens (agglutinogens, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, filamentous hemagglutinin), diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid were comparable between the two vaccine groups.
- The AC-DTP vaccine demonstrated a markedly reduced reactogenicity profile.
Conclusions:
- The AC-DTP vaccine is a safer alternative to WC-DTP, with significantly lower rates of common adverse events.
- The AC-DTP vaccine provides comparable immunogenicity to WC-DTP, suggesting it is a suitable replacement.
- This AC-DTP vaccine represents an advancement in pediatric DTP immunization, offering improved safety without compromising efficacy.
Abstract:
An acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AC-DTP) vaccine was compared with a currently licensed, whole-cell pertussis-component DTP (WC-DTP) vaccine for reactogenicity and immunogenicity when given as the fourth DTP immunization in sixty 18- to 24-month-old children. Reactions over the first 48 hours were significantly less common in the AC-DTP vaccine recipients, as follows (WC-DTP/AC-DTP): fever, 85%/5%; redness, 70%/12.5%; tenderness, 100%/22.5%; swelling, 35%/10%; fretfulness, 70%/12.5%; anorexia, 35%/2.5%; and vomiting, 10%/0%. Antibody responses to pertussis antigens (agglutinogens, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, and filamentous hemagglutinin), diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid in AC-DTP vaccine recipients were comparable with those in WC-DTP vaccine recipients. The AC-DTP vaccine evaluated in this trial seems to be as immunogenic as WC-DTP vaccine while being markedly less reactogenic.