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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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The Functioning of a Cortex without Layers.

Julien Guy1, Jochen F Staiger1,2

  • 1Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-UniversityGöttingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|July 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cortical layers are not essential for basic perception and cognition. Studies in reeler mice show functional sensory systems despite severe layer disorganization, suggesting focus on functional circuits over laminar location.

Keywords:
cortical circuitsdevelopmental plasticitylemniscal pathwayneocortexoptogeneticsreeler mutant mouse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical organization is characterized by distinct neuronal layers, but their functional necessity remains debated.
  • The reeler mutant mouse offers a model to study the impact of disrupted cortical layering on brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of severe cortical layer loss in the reeler mouse model.
  • To determine if cortical layers are essential for basic sensory processing and cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cortical organization in reeler mice using intrinsic signal optical imaging.
  • Optogenetic experiments to assess thalamocortical projections and synaptic targeting.
  • Investigation of compensatory mechanisms in thalamocortical input pathways.

Main Results:

  • Reeler neocortex exhibits severe disorganization, including complete layer loss in some areas, but maintains organized sensory systems.
  • Somatosensory and visual systems show functional activation and somatotopic organization despite layer disruption.
  • Thalamocortical projections are largely intact but show mild synaptic dispersion and weakened input strength, compensated by intracortical mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical layers are not essential for basic perception and cognition, challenging traditional views of cortical organization.
  • Functional circuits, rather than strict laminar location, may be more critical for cortical computation.
  • Future research should prioritize understanding circuits based on functional cell type composition.