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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Related Experiment Video

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Arterial stiffness in symptomatic smokers with normal lung function.

Nicola Scichilone1,2, Antonino Tuttolomondo1,2, Carlo Maida1

  • 1Dept of Biomedicine and Internal and Specialistic Medicine, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

ERJ Open Research
|July 28, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smokers with respiratory symptoms but no airway obstruction show increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, similar to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This indicates significant cardiovascular risk in these individuals, necessitating preventive strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are established cardiovascular risk markers elevated in COPD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in smokers with respiratory symptoms but without diagnosed COPD.
  • To compare cardiovascular risk markers between symptomatic smokers without obstruction and COPD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical and lung function assessments were performed on 48 smokers (13 with symptoms but no obstruction, 35 with COPD).
  • Cardiovascular risk was evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx), and reactive hyperemia index (RHI).

Main Results:

  • Symptomatic smokers without bronchial obstruction exhibited comparable levels of PWV, AIx, and RHI to COPD patients.
  • No statistically significant differences were observed in PWV (12±3.2 vs. 14±3.8 m·s⁻¹), AIx (25.2±11.8% vs. 24.8±9.7%), or RHI (1.66±1.49 vs. 1.62±1.43) between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular risk, indicated by arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, is present in smokers with respiratory symptoms even without bronchial obstruction.
  • These findings suggest a need for early cardiovascular risk assessment and preventive programs in this population, requiring larger validation studies.