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The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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The tongue display unit (TDU) for electrotactile spatiotemporal pattern presentation.

K A Kaczmarek1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI 53711, USA.

Scientia Iranica. Transactions D, Computer Science & Engineering, Electrical Engineering
|July 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Tongue Display Unit (TDU) provides electrotactile stimulation for sensory substitution and information display. This technology also aids neurorehabilitation by inducing neuroplasticity through targeted electrical pulses.

Keywords:
ElectrocutaneousElectrodeElectrotactileNeuromodulationNeuroplasticityNeurorehabilitationPlatform technologySensory substitutionTactile displayTongue

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Electrotactile stimulation offers a promising avenue for sensory feedback and rehabilitation.
  • Existing technologies often lack the resolution or programmability for nuanced applications.
  • The anterior-dorsal tongue presents a viable surface for high-density electrode arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the design and operational principles of the 144-channel Tongue Display Unit (TDU).
  • To explore the TDU's potential applications in sensory substitution and information display.
  • To investigate the TDU's utility in neurorehabilitation through induced neuroplasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a programmable pulse generator capable of delivering dc-balanced voltage pulses.
  • Implementation of a 144-electrode matrix for precise stimulation of the anterior-dorsal tongue.
  • Review of theoretical underpinnings and design specifications of the TDU system.

Main Results:

  • The TDU successfully delivers controlled electrotactile stimulation via a dense electrode array.
  • The system's design facilitates programmability for diverse stimulation patterns.
  • Selected applications demonstrate feasibility in sensory substitution, tactile display, and neurorehabilitation.

Conclusions:

  • The Tongue Display Unit is a versatile platform for electrotactile stimulation.
  • Its capabilities support advanced applications in sensory augmentation and neurological recovery.
  • Further research into TDU applications is warranted for optimizing human-computer interaction and therapeutic outcomes.