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Update on Nitazoxanide: A Multifunctional Chemotherapeutic Agent.
Anshul Shakya1, Hans Raj Bhat1, Surajit Kumar Ghosh1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India.
Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-infective drug effective against protozoa, helminths, bacteria, and viruses. Its diverse mechanisms include energy metabolism disruption and immune modulation, highlighting its potential as a versatile chemotherapeutic agent.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
- Oncology
Background:
- Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-infective agent.
- It impacts the viability, growth, and proliferation of various pathogens, including protozoa, helminths, anaerobic bacteria, and viruses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the chemotherapeutic efficacy of NTZ.
- To explore its potential against various disease-causing microorganisms and neoplastic cells.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review using Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed up to February 2017.
- Compilation of data on NTZ's efficacy against diverse pathogens and cancer cells.
Main Results:
- NTZ targets pathogen energy metabolism (e.g., inhibiting PFOR in anaerobic bacteria).
- It disrupts parasitic protozoan cell membranes and mitochondrial function.
- NTZ exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties through various molecular mechanisms, including modulating host immune responses.
Conclusions:
- NTZ demonstrates versatile molecular interactions against pathogens.
- Its immunomodulatory effects on hosts support its multifunctional chemotherapeutic significance.
- NTZ is a promising agent for treating a wide range of infectious diseases and potentially cancer.
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