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Updated: Feb 25, 2026
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Published on: February 10, 2015
Scapular dyskinesis among competitive swimmers
Maayan Bussiba Maor1, Tatyana Ronin1, Leonid Kalichman1
1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Aim:
To evaluate the prevalence of scapular dyskinesis (SD) in competitive swimmers during training sessions.
Methods:
Repeated measurement observational study.20 young competitive swimmers were filmed before, at midpoint and at the end of a training session, performing shoulder flexion and abduction. SD was examined separately by two assessors. Demographic and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaires were collected.
Results:
SD was observed in 30% of the swimmers before training, in 70%, an hour later, and in 80%, upon completion of the training session. The difference between the baseline and mid-practice was close to significance (p-value = 0.055), and between mid-practice and end of practice was significant (p = 0.004).
Conclusions:
This study confirmed that the prevalence of SD increases throughout a training session in most swimmers. The main reason might be fatigue of the muscles which stabilize the scapula, therefore, when examining a sportsmen's shoulder, it is important to examine the SD post-training or following simulation of the training session in the clinic.
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