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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation
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Donor Posterior Atrial Flap Rotation for Left Atrial Cuff Reconstruction in Lung Transplantation

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Persistent air leak after pulmonary transplantation.

Laurence Pearmain1,2, Piotr Krysiak1, John Blaikley1,3

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A lung transplant patient developed air leaks due to remnant native lung tissue. A bronchial valve successfully sealed the communication, resolving the persistent air leak and enabling recovery.

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Pulmonary EmphysemaTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) necessitates lung transplantation.
  • Bilateral apical emphysema presented a challenge in this 59-year-old male patient.
  • Retained native lung tissue due to adhesions complicated the postoperative course.

Observation:

  • Postoperative air leak and pneumomediastinum occurred after chest drain removal.
  • Persistent air leak despite chest drain re-insertion and wound revision.
  • Radiological review identified persistent inflation of native bullous tissue.

Findings:

  • Bronchoscopies initially ruled out anastomotic dehiscence.
  • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for wound revision did not resolve the air leak.
  • A native bronchial communication, proximal to the anastomosis due to variant anatomy, was identified as the cause.

Implications:

  • Variant anatomy can lead to unexpected postoperative complications after lung transplantation.
  • Bronchial valve occlusion is an effective treatment for persistent air leaks from native bronchial communications.
  • Multidisciplinary team approach and advanced imaging are crucial for diagnosing complex postoperative issues.