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Eelgrass (Zostera marina) leaf microbiomes are influenced by eukaryotic epibionts. Understanding these interactions is key to managing coastal ecosystems and eelgrass health.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Ecosystem science

Background:

  • Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a vital marine foundation species supporting coastal ecosystems.
  • The associated microbiome of eelgrass may influence its environmental interactions and health.
  • Eukaryotic epibionts can overgrow eelgrass, reducing productivity and leading to meadow decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prokaryotic leaf surface microbiome and eukaryotic epibionts of eelgrass.
  • To assess how environmental factors and epibionts influence microbiome composition.
  • To understand the relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities on eelgrass leaves.

Main Methods:

  • Amplicon sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to identify prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • Community analysis of leaf surface microbiomes and epibionts in German Baltic Sea lagoons and coastal sites.
  • Statistical analysis correlating community composition with environmental variables (depth, leaf area, chlorophyll a).

Main Results:

  • Prokaryotic microbiomes showed significant variation between sites and between lagoon and coastal environments.
  • Water depth, leaf area, and biofilm chlorophyll a concentration were major drivers of community composition for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities were highly correlated, with specific bacterial taxa co-occurring with certain eukaryotic groups.

Conclusions:

  • Eelgrass leaf surfaces host a complex mosaic of eukaryotic epibionts and their associated microbiomes.
  • Eukaryotic diversity plays a significant role in shaping prokaryotic microbiome assembly and dynamics in aquatic environments.
  • Considering eukaryotic epibionts is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of eelgrass microbiome ecology and coastal ecosystem health.