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Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

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The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis

Published on: February 7, 2025

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Changing Definitions of Sepsis.

Fethi Gül1, Mustafa Kemal Arslantaş1, İsmail Cinel2

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
|July 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction from a disordered host response to infection. New definitions, like the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, improve sepsis identification and diagnosis.

Keywords:
SIRSSepsisdefinitionsseptic shock

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients.
  • Despite advances in antibiotics and supportive care, mortality rates are high.
  • Defining sepsis has been challenging due to its heterogeneous nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of sepsis definitions.
  • To highlight the changes introduced by the Sepsis-3 consensus.
  • To discuss the utility of new diagnostic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical sepsis definitions (1991, 2001).
  • Analysis of the Sepsis-3 Task Force criteria (2016).
  • Introduction of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA (qSOFA) scores.

Main Results:

  • Sepsis is redefined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection.
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria are removed from the definition.
  • The qSOFA score is proposed for early sepsis detection outside intensive care units.

Conclusions:

  • The updated Sepsis-3 definitions offer improved specificity.
  • New tools like qSOFA aid in identifying at-risk patients.
  • Continued research is needed to further understand and combat sepsis.