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Shifting the set of stimulus selection when switching between tasks.

Mike Wendt1, Aquiles Luna-Rodriguez2, Thomas Jacobsen2

  • 1Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany. mike.wendt@medicalschool-hamburg.de.

Psychological Research
|July 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Task switching can be hindered by lingering attentional settings, impacting performance. This study found that mixing target levels during task switching increases costs and interference, especially when attention is not consistently withdrawn.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Task switching involves cognitive control and can be affected by proactive interference from previous tasks.
  • Understanding how stimulus selection requirements influence task switch costs is crucial for cognitive models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying stimulus selection requirements on task switching performance.
  • To differentiate between task switch costs and stimulus-related proactive interference.

Main Methods:

  • A task-switching paradigm using hierarchical (Navon) stimuli was employed.
  • Participants performed tasks with either constant or mixed target levels (global vs. local).
  • A second phase manipulated persistent target level changes to induce proactive interference.

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Main Results:

  • Mixing target levels impaired overall performance and amplified task switch costs.
  • Global-local congruency effects were larger with mixed target levels, particularly in switch trials.
  • Persistent changes leading to mixed target levels significantly increased task switch costs and congruency effects.

Conclusions:

  • Varying stimulus selection requirements during task switching exacerbates performance costs.
  • Stimulus-related proactive interference is reduced when attention is consistently withdrawn from interfering perceptual dimensions.